Words that end in the vowel consonant team "-ow" also express a long o sound. You can find this in words such as: goal, loan, and toast. Another common location for the sound is found in words that have the vowel group of "oa". You can find this sound in words such as: joke, bone, and stove. The vowel-consonant combination is referred to as "o-e". The most common way for this sound to form happens with words that end in the letter "e" with an adjacent letter "o". There are four common ways the long "o" vowel sound can be given off. You also have words that possess both the long and short vowel O such as in the word "robot". Most words that end in the letter "o" express a long vowel sound on that last letter. They can also be shorter words with only a few letters such as: ago and so. They can be familiar words with multiple syllables such as the words "omit" and "yoga". Each of these can take on a subtly different tone.Long O vowel words come in many different varieties. The short vowel words that have “i” and “e” can be a bit more difficult. So, the word “say” would be written as “sai” in a dictionary because it is a long vowel. When using the letter “y” as a short vowel sound, the word changes completely in language resource texts. When placed over the “a” in the word “bat,” it denotes that the word should have a soft sound – a short vowel – instead of the harder-sounding long vowel sound of the word “bait.” The half-moon-shaped mark looks like a sideways parenthesis or tiny bowl at the top of the letter. This alerts the reader to use a short vowel sound when pronouncing the word. The diacritical mark for the short vowel is called a breve. ![]() They use a second vowel or the letter “y” to force the long vowel sound, such as “tea,” “wee,” “bee” and “key.” Words with only three letters often have a short vowel. Short vowel words can be more difficult to understand. The macron should be put over the “y” letter in the words “cry,” “dry” and “why,” to name a few. The macron is placed directly over the vowel that needs to be pronounced with a long vowel sound, such as the “a” in the word “ate” or the “e” in the word “evil.” A deviation from this rule comes with the letter “y” when it is not used as a consonant. ![]() The diacritical mark for the long vowel sound is called the macron. The long vowels in words are represented by a short, straight line directly over the letter. This means that a long “a” sound is just like the "a" in the word “able.” A long “o” sound is the same as it sounds in the word “over.” A long “u” sound is the same as it sounds in the word “blue.” Basically, the long vowels have the same sound as the letter names. The long vowels are the best to start with when learning this important part of the English language. The letter “i” in the word “legible” would have a schwa to indicate how to pronounce the vowel that is surrounded by so many other vowels that have the potential to sound relatively the same. The schwa looks like a lowercase letter “e” that has been turned on its head. ![]() A schwa is used for words with multiple syllables to show vowels that have an indistinct or unaccented sound. For long vowels, the macron is used to indicate the way the word should be pronounced. They are only put in place when they are in reference books or other materials to assist students in understanding how to correctly sound out and pronounce the word. These symbols aren’t used when you are writing out the words.
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